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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Crystal momentum ： ウィキペディア英語版 Crystal momentum In solid-state physics crystal momentum or quasimomentum is a momentum-like vector associated with electrons in a crystal lattice. It is defined by the associated wave vectors $\backslash mathbf$ of this lattice, according to :$\}\; \backslash equiv\; \backslash hbar\; \{\backslash mathbf\{k\}\}$ (where $\backslash hbar$ is the reduced Planck's constant). Like mechanical momentum, crystal momentum is frequently conserved, making it useful to physicists and materials scientists as an analytical tool. ==Lattice symmetry origins== A common method of modeling crystal structure and behavior is to view electrons as quantum mechanical particles traveling through a fixed infinite periodic potential $V(x)$ such that :$V(\})=V($ is an arbitrary lattice vector. Such a model is sensible because (a) crystal ions that actually form the lattice structure are typically on the order of tens of thousands of times more massive than electrons,〔)=e^}}}u_(}}(})=u_(}_}. While this is in fact identical to the definition one might give for regular momentum (for example, by treating the effects of the translation operator by the effects of a particle in free space〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Physics 221a class notes 4: Spatial Degrees of Freedom )〕), there are important theoretical differences. For example, while regular momentum is completely conserved, crystal momentum is only conserved to within a lattice vector, i.e., an electron can be described not only by the wave vector $k$, but also with any other wave vector k' such that :$k\text{'}\; =\; k\; +\; K,$ where $K$ is an arbitrary reciprocal lattice vector.〔 This is a consequence of the fact that the lattice symmetry is discrete as opposed to continuous, and thus its associated conservation law cannot be derived using Noether's theorem. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Crystal momentum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.